The cephalic phase is controlled by sight, sense, and smell, which trigger neural responses, including salivation and hydrochloric acid production, before food has even reached the mouth.

What triggers the cephalic phase?

The cephalic phase of gastric secretion is initiated by the sight, smell, thought or taste of food. Neurological signals originate from the cerebral cortex and in the appetite centers of the amygdala and hypothalamus. This enhanced secretory activity is a conditioned reflex.

What happens during the cephalic phase?

The cephalic phase of digestion is the stage in which the stomach responds to the mere sight, smell, taste, or thought of food. About 20% of total acid secretion occurs before food enters the stomach.

What stimulates the gastric and cephalic phase quizlet?

Gastrin stimulates gastric secretion. Because this phase is stimulated by the brain it is call the cephalic phase. begins at the duodenum and triggers nerve impulses and secretes hormones, both inhibit gastric secretion.

Which phase starts in the brain gastric or cephalic?

To summarize, the brain alerts the stomach that it should expect arrival of a meal and the stomach comes out of its interdigestive quiescence and begins low level motor and secretory activity (cephalic phase). After a meal is consumed, the gastric motor and secretory activity is fully turned on (gastric phase).

What stimulates Pepsinogen release?

Pepsinogen secretion is stimulated by CCK, forskolin, and by insulin induced hypoglycemia mediated by the vagus nerve. Gastrin also stimulates pepsinogen secretion; however, it is much less effective than CCK.

What triggers the gastric phase of gastric secretion?

Gastric secretion is stimulated by the act of eating (cephalic phase) and the arrival of food in the stomach (gastric phase). Arrival of the food in the intestine also controls gastric secretion (intestinal phase).

What is the goal of the cephalic phase of gastric regulation quizlet?

Cephalic phase, Gastric phase, Intestinal phase. What occurs in the cephalic phase? Sight, smell, taste, sounds of food cooking or even thoughts of food trigger the vagus nerve to stimulate gastric secretions and increase gastric motility. You just studied 9 terms!

What happens during the cephalic phase quizlet?

Prepares the Digestive system before ingestion of food. Stimulation of the senses (sight, smell and taste) or thought of food will activate Parasympathetic Nervous system (via the vagus nerve).

What is the goal of the cephalic phase of gastric regulation?

The cerebral (or cephalic) phase of digestion, whether triggered by the sight, smell, or thought of food, initiates the digestive process with the salivary and gastric secretory responses mediated via the autonomic nervous system.

Article first time published on

Is cephalic phase primarily under endocrine or nervous control?

The cephalic phase of nutrition refers to a set of food intake-associated autonomic and endocrine responses to the stimulation of sensory systems mainly located in the oropharyngeal cavity. These reactions largely occur in the digestive system, but they have also been observed in other structures.

What stimulates gastrin secretion?

The primary stimulus for secretion of gastrin is the presence of certain foodstuffs, especially peptides, certain amino acids and calcium, in the gastric lumen. Also, as yet unidentified compounds in coffee, wine and beer are potent stimulants for gastrin secretion.

What stimulates ECL cells to secrete histamine?

ECL cells synthesize and secrete histamine in response to stimulation by the hormones gastrin and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide. Gastrin itself is secreted by cells in the epithelium of the stomach, but travels to ECL cells via the blood.

Which phase controls how fast the stomach empties?

The intestinal phase controls the rate of gastric emptying and the release of hormones needed to digest chyme in the small intestine.

What are the three phases of digestion quizlet?

• Cephalic Phase.
• Gastric Phase.
• Intestinal Phase.

What is the first phase of digestion?

The first is the cephalic phase. During this phase, chewing and swallowing stimulate the vagus nerve, which in turn signals cells in the stomach to release acid.

What causes increased gastric secretion?

Secretion is increased with fasting and inhibited by eating. Ghrelin stimulates gastric motility, gastric emptying and gastric acid secretion. Increases in acid secretion are via vagal pathways resulting in increased histamine release. In addition, ghrelin stimulates growth hormone and insulin secretion.

Which of the following is not a trigger for mass movements of the colon?

Option (d) the colorectal reflex is the only option out of the ones listed above that is not a trigger for mass movements of the colon.

What are the three phases of gastric secretion?

The physiologic stimulation of acid secretion has classically been divided into three interrelated phases: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal [6]. The cephalic phase is activated by the thought, taste, smell, and sight of food, and swallowing. It is mediated mostly by cholinergic/vagal mechanisms.

Does pepsin activate pepsinogen?

Pepsinogens are synthesized and secreted primarily by the gastric chief cells of the human stomach before being converted into the proteolytic enzyme pepsin, which is crucial for digestive processes in the stomach. … Furthermore, pepsin can activate additional pepsinogen autocatalytically.

Which type of cells secrete pepsinogen?

Gastric chief cells secrete pepsin as an inactive zymogen called pepsinogen. Parietal cells within the stomach lining secrete hydrochloric acid that lowers the pH of the stomach.

What produces hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen?

Explanation: The stomach contains several cell types, each with a specific mechanism of action. Chief cells produce pepsinogen, which is converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid, allowing this conversion.

Which hormone stimulates release of insulin in response to glucose in the intestinal lumen?

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP- 1) is secreted from the intestinal L-cells mainly located in the distal small intestine and colon. It stimulates the insulin secretion, decreases the secretion of glucagon and delays gastric emptying.

Which of the following occurs during the cephalic phase of gastric digestion quizlet?

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, increased production of gastric juice occurs. the intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying.

Which of the following hormones causes the gallbladder to contract?

Cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release stored bile into the intestine. It also stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice and may induce satiety.

What stimulates gastric emptying?

Stimulation of gastric emptying is seen with motilin and somatostatin. The effect of motilin is a direct one, whereas the effect of somatostatin is probably due to inhibition of regulatory peptides which in turn inhibit the emptying in the sense of a feedback.

Which phase of gastric secretion is stimulated by distention of the stomach quizlet?

Terms in this set (3) -Distention of the stomach activates a parasympathetic reflex.

What is the primary purpose of the intestinal phase of gastric secretion quizlet?

The intestinal phase of gastric secretion involves the entrance of acidic chyme into the duodenum of the intestine which inhibits the digestion processes. Gastric secretions are inhibited by the release of secretin into the bloodstream.

What causes the liver to produce more bile and stimulates pancreatic secretion?

Secretin stimulates the flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder. CCK stimulates the gallbladder to contract, causing bile to be secreted into the duodenum, as shown below.

What is the role of the hormone secretin in digestion?

Secretin stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic fluid. [11] Secretin enters the intestinal lumen and stimulates bicarbonate secretion, ultimately neutralizing gastric H+, which plays an essential role in fat digestion by creating a more neutral (pH 6 to 8) environment.

What is true about the defecation reflex?

Which is true regarding the defecation reflex? … The short reflex stimulates mass movements that push feces toward the rectum from the descending colon and sigmoid colon. Stimulation of the myenteric plexus in the sigmoid colon and rectum results in decreased local peristalsis.